Sains Malaysiana 52(11)(2023): 3177-3187

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5211-12

Reka Bentuk Pasir Pantai Mesoliang bagi Penyahoksigenan Bermangkin Minyak Masak Terpakai kepada Bahan Api Keterbaharuan

(Mesostructured Beach Sand Design for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Waste Cooking Oil to Renewable Fuels)

DARFIZZI DERAWI^1,* & NURUL HUDA MOHD ZAHIDI¹ & KHAIRUL BASYAR BAHARUDIN²

¹Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 15 Julai 2023/Diterima: 17 Oktober 2023

Abstrak

Kajian ini memfokus kepada reka bentuk mangkin dwilogam NiCo tersokong atas permukaan pasir pantai terawat HCl (P-HCl) untuk tindak balas penyahoksigenan minyak masak terpakai bagi menghasilkan hidrokarbon cecair gasolin, diesel dan bahan api jet. Mangkin dwilogam berkandungan Ni (10 %bt.) dan Co (10 %bt.) disediakan melalui kaedah pengisitepuan bagi menghasilkan mangkin NiCo/P-HCl. P_o, P-HCl dan NiCo/P-HCl telah dilakukan pencirian fizikal dan aktiviti pemangkinan telah diuji melalui tindak balas penyahoksigenan. Prestasi mangkin dinilai dari segi peratusan hasil tindak balas dan kepilihan mengikut julat karbon gasolin (C₈-C₁₁), diesel (C₁₁-C₁₇) dan bahan api jet (C₈-C₁₆). Perawatan HCl telah bertindak balas dengan logam oksida yang mempunyai keelektropositifan yang lebih tinggi (Al₂O₃ dan Fe₂O₃), seterusnya menyebabkan pengurangan komposisi logam oksida tersebut, masing-masing sebanyak 10.0% dan 12.5%. Pengurangan komposisi logam oksida telah mempengaruhi keporosan penyokong pasir yang telah dirawat. Setelah pemuatan logam Ni dan Co, mangkin berstruktur mesoliang (5.9 nm) terhasil dengan peningkatan luas permukaan (22.5 m²/g) dan isi padu liang (0.032 cm³/g). Mangkin NiCo/P-HCl telah berjaya menukarkan minyak masak terpakai kepada hidrokarbon cecair sebanyak 71%, mengikut keutamaan kepilihan produk iaitu bahan api jet (86%), diesel (83%) dan gasolin (17%). Penukaran minyak masak terpakai kepada produk bahan api keterbaharuan bakal memberikan nilai tambah dan menyokong kepada inisiatif teknologi hijau serta kitaran ekonomi yang mampan.

Kata kunci: Bahan api keterbaharuan; pasir pantai; penyahoksigenan; perawatan asid hidroklorik

Abstract

This study focuses on the design of NiCo bimetallic catalysts supported on the surface of HCl treated beach sand (P-HCl) for the deoxygenation reaction of used cooking oil to produce liquid hydrocarbons of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. A bimetallic catalyst containing Ni (5 wt.%) and Co (5 wt.%) was prepared through the impregnation method to produce a NiCo/P-HCl catalyst. P_o, P-HCl and NiCo/P-HCl were physically characterized and the catalytic activity was tested through the deoxygenation reaction. Catalyst performance was evaluated in terms of percentage reaction yield and selectivity according to the carbon range of gasoline (C₈-C₁₁), diesel (C₁₁-C₁₇), and jet fuel (C₈-C₁₆). HCl treatment has caused a reduction in the composition of more electropositive metal oxides, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ by 10.7% and 8.4%. The NiCo/P-HCl catalyst has successfully converted waste cooking oil to liquid hydrocarbons by 71%, according to the priority of product selection which is jet fuel (86%), diesel (83%), and gasoline (17%). The conversion of waste cooking oil to renewable fuel products will provide added value and support to green technology initiatives as well as sustainable economic cycle.

Keywords: Beach sand; deoxygenation; hydrochloric acid treatment; renewable fuels

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: darfizzi@ukm.edu.my